Handling effect size dependency in meta-analysis

The statistical synthesis of quantitative effects within primary studies via meta-analysis is an important analytical technique in the scientific toolkit modern researchers. As with any method or technique, knowledge weaknesses that might render findings limited potentially erroneous as well strategies by which to mitigate these biases essential for high-quality evidence. In this paper, we focus on one prevalent consideration meta-analytical investigations, namely dependency among effects. We provide readers a non-technical introduction and overview solutions handling dependent their efforts integrate evidence studies. This goal achieved series seven reflective questions scholars consider when planning executing some degree effect sizes from may exist. also example application recommendations real-world data, including script can adapt own purposes.